Afilastik takardar nada ƙusashine madaidaicin bindigar ƙusa mai huhu. Wadannan kusoshi suna riƙe tare a cikin madauwari na filastik don yin lodi da sauri.Kasuwar duniya na bindigogin coil ƙusa na ci gaba da faɗaɗa, yana nuna yadda waɗannan kayan aikin suke da mahimmanci akan wuraren aiki.
Magana mai sauri:Wannan ginshiƙi yana taƙaita mafi yawan ƙayyadaddun ƙusa. Yi amfani da shi don nemo madaidaicin ƙusa don aikin ku a kallo.
| Tsawon Farce | Diamita Shank | Nau'in Farce (Shank & Shafi) | Aikace-aikacen Farko |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-1/4" | .090" | Smooth Shank, Electro-Galvanized | Siding, shinge |
| 2-3/8" | .113" | Filastik Sheet Collation Ring Screw Spiral Coil Nails, Hot-Dip Galvanized | Framing, Sheathing |
| 3" | .120" | Screw Shank, Bright | Crating, pallets |
Key Takeaways
- Zaɓi tsayin ƙusa daidai da kauri don aikinku. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa aikinku yana da ƙarfi da aminci.
- Zaɓi nau'in ƙusa daidai don riƙe iko da tsatsa. M, zobe, kodunƙule shankskowane aiki mafi kyau ga daban-daban ayyuka.
- Daidaita kusoshi da aikin. Yi amfani da ƙusoshi na musamman don aikin waje, itacen da aka gyara, ko takamaiman nau'ikan siding.
- Koyaushe bincika idan kusoshi sun dace da bindigar ƙusa. Wannan yana dakatar da cunkoso kuma yana sa kayan aikinku suyi aiki da kyau.
Yanke Girman Farce: Tsawo, Diamita, da Kai
Dole ne ku zaɓi girman ƙusa da ya dace don amintaccen aiki mai dorewa. Ma'auni uku masu mahimmanci da kuke buƙatar fahimta sune tsayi, diamita na shank, da diamita na kai. Samun waɗannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun daidai yana tabbatar da aikin ku ya cika lamba kuma yana aiki kamar yadda aka zata.
Tsawon Farce
Tsawon ƙusa shine ƙayyadaddun farko da za ku zaɓa. Madaidaicin tsayi ya dogara da kauri na kayan da kuke ɗaure. Doka ta gaba ɗaya ita ce ƙusa ya kamata ya wuce ta saman kayan kuma ya shiga cikin kayan tushe da akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na tsawonsa. Tsawon tsayi gama gari don ƙusa na katako na filastik yana tsakanin1-1/4" da 2-1/2". Misali, kuna yawan amfani da su2-inch kusoshi ga fiber ciminti siding.
Tukwici:Koyaushe bincika lambobin ginin gida. Sau da yawa suna ƙididdige mafi ƙarancin tsayin ƙusa da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacen tsari kamar sheathing.
Tsawon tsayi na gama gari don ginin mazaunin sun haɗa da:
| Tsawon Farce |
|---|
| 1-3/4” |
| 2” |
| 2-3/16” |
| 2-1/2” |
Diamita Shank (Ma'auni)
Shank shinejikin ƙusa. Diamita, ko kauri, yana ƙayyade ƙarfin ƙusa. Shank mai kauri yana ba da ƙarfin juzu'i kuma ba shi da yuwuwar lanƙwasa yayin shigarwa ko ƙarƙashin kaya. Za ku ga diamita da aka jera a cikin inci, kamar .090″, .113″, ko .120″. Lamba mafi girma yana nufin ƙusa mai kauri, mai ƙarfi. Zaɓi kauri mai kauri don ayyukan tsari kamar tsararru da sheathing.
Shugaban Diamita
Aikin kan ƙusa shine riƙe kayan ƙasa. Girman diamita na kai yana haifar da ƙarin fili. Wannan yana ƙara juriya na ƙusa, wanda ke da mahimmanci lokacin ɗaure kayan laushi kamar OSB ko sheathing plywood. Girman kai kai tsaye yana tasiri ikonsa na kiyaye kayan daga janyewa. Ku sani cewa kawunan da aka yanke ko masu siffa D ba su da ƙasan fili. Za su iya bayarwamuhimmanci ƙananan ja-ta hanyar iya aikiidan aka kwatanta da cikakkun shugabannin zagaye.
Nau'ukan Farko da Amfani da Muhimman Sheet Coil Nail

Bayan girman, ƙirar ƙusa yana taka rawar gani sosai a cikin aikinsa. Kuna buƙatar zaɓar nau'in shank daidai don riƙe iko. Hakanan kuna buƙatar zaɓar kayan aiki daidai da sutura don hana tsatsa da tabbatar da tsawon rai.
Nau'in Shank
Kwancen ƙusa shine jikinsa, kuma yanayinsa yana ƙayyade yadda ya kama itace. Juriya na janye ƙusa shine ikonsa na tsayawa. Zaɓin shank ɗin da ya dace yana da mahimmanci don haɗi mai ƙarfi, mai dorewa.
- Smooth Shank:Za ku ga waɗannan kusoshi sun fi kowa kuma masu tattalin arziki. Ikon riƙe su ya fito ne daga sassauƙan juzu'i tsakanin shank da filayen itace. Wannan riko na iya raunana a tsawon lokaci yayin da itace ke fadadawa da kwangila tare da canje-canjen danshi.
- Ring Shank:Kuna samun iko mafi girma tare da kusoshi shank. Suna da jerin zobe tare da shank. Zaɓuɓɓukan itace suna kulle cikin waɗannan tsagi yayin da kuke tuƙa ƙusa. Wannan zane yana ba da game dasau biyu ƙarfin janyewana ƙusa mai santsi-shank, yana mai da shi manufa don ayyukan da aka fallasa ga iska ko danshi.
- Screw Shank:Waɗannan kusoshi suna da zaren karkace, kamar dunƙule. Kuna fitar da su da bindigar ƙusa, kuma shank ɗin yana juyawa kaɗan. Wannan aikin yana ƙara ƙarfin juzu'i a cikin itace. Screw shanks suna ba da kyakkyawan ƙarfin janyewa, musamman a cikin kayan da ka iya raguwa ko faɗaɗa.
Nau'in Abu da Rufi
Kayan ƙusa da murfinsa shine layin farko na kariya daga lalata. Yanayin aikin ku yana nuna matakin kariya da kuke buƙata. Yin amfani da ƙusa na cikin gida don aikin waje zai haifar da tsatsa da kasawa.
Ƙarshe mai haskeƘaƙƙarfan ƙarewar ƙusa mai haske ba shi da kariya mai kariya. Waɗannan kusoshi ba su da ƙarfe. Ya kamata ku yi amfani da su kawai don ayyukan ciki inda ba za a fallasa su ga danshi ko zafi ba. Suna gama gari don tsarar gida, datsa, da katako.
Rubutun GalvanizedGalvanization wani tsari ne wanda ke rufe kusoshi na karfe tare da Layer na zinc don kare su daga tsatsa. Akwai manyan nau'ikan guda biyu da zaku ci karo da su.
Pro Tukwici:Thekauri daga cikin suturar zincshine mafi mahimmancin abu don juriya na lalata. Kusoshi masu amfani da wutar lantarki suna da rufin bakin ciki sosai, yayin da ƙusoshin galvanized masu zafi suna da kauri da yawa, mafi kariya.
- Electro-Galvanized (EG):Wannan tsari yana amfani da wutar lantarki don amfani da siriri mai santsi na zinc. EG kusoshi suna ba da ƙarancin juriya na lalata. Kuna iya amfani da su don wasu aikace-aikace na waje kamar rufin rufi ko siding a cikin busassun yanayi, amma ba su dace da katako da aka yi da su ba ko wuraren damshi mai yawa.
- Hot-Dip Galvanized (HDG):Don wannan tsari, masana'antun suna tsoma ƙusoshi a cikin wanka na zub da jini na zinc. Wannan yana haifar da kauri, mai ɗorewa, kuma mai ƙunci. HDG shine ma'auni don ginin waje, katakon katako, da yankunan bakin teku. Tsarin don irin wannanfilastik takardar nada ƙusabi daSaukewa: ASTM A153misali, wanda ke tafiyar da suturar zinc akan kayan aiki da masu ɗaure don tabbatar da ci gaba da ƙarewa.
Bakin KarfeBakin karfe yana ba da mafi girman matakin juriya na lalata. Shi ne mafi kyawun zaɓi don ayyuka a cikin wurare masu tsauri, kamar gidajen bakin teku, ko lokacin ɗaure wasu nau'ikan itace kamar itacen al'ul ko ja wanda zai iya haɓaka lalata a cikin ƙananan kusoshi.
Za ka yawanci zabi tsakaninmaki biyu na bakin karfe:
| Siffar | 304 Bakin Karfe | 316 Bakin Karfe |
|---|---|---|
| Juriya na Lalata | Kyakkyawan juriya gabaɗaya | Kyakkyawan, musamman akan gishiri |
| Mafi kyawun Harka Amfani | Yawancin ayyukan waje na gaba ɗaya | Yankunan bakin teku, wuraren waha, da jiragen ruwa |
| Farashin | Ƙananan tsada | Mai tsada |
Zabi 304 bakin karfe don karko gabaɗaya. Ya kamata ku zaɓi bakin karfe 316 lokacin da aikinku ya buƙaci babban kariya daga gishiri da sinadarai.
Daidaita kusoshi zuwa Aikace-aikacenku
Zaɓinƙusa damakamar ɗaukar kayan aikin da ya dace don aiki. Kuna buƙatar daidaita ƙayyadaddun ƙusa zuwa kayan aiki da buƙatun aikin. Wannan yana tabbatar da aikin ku yana da ƙarfi, lafiya, kuma yana ɗaukar shekaru. Bari mu kalli wasu aikace-aikacen gama gari da mafi kyawun kusoshi ga kowane.
Sheathing da Framing
Sheathing da sassaƙa su ne kwarangwal na gini. Yin amfani da kusoshi daidai al'amari ne na aminci na tsari. Lambobin ginin suna da takamaiman game da wannan. Lambar Ginin Ƙasa ta Duniya (IBC) tana ba da taswirar hanya don ɗaurewa. Yana sau da yawa yana nufin ƙusoshi ta girman "pennyweight", kamar8dko10d.
Don ɗaure ginshiƙan tsarin itace kamar OSB ko plywood, yakamata ku yi amfani da kusoshi na gama gari. Suna da kauri mai kauri fiye da kusoshi na akwatin ko nutsewa. Misali, an8dƙusa gama gari yana da kusan 23% ƙarin ƙarfi fiye da ƙusa akwatin 8d. Wannan ƙarin ƙarfin yana da mahimmanci don tsayayya da ƙarfi kamar iska da girgizar ƙasa.
- Aikace-aikace:Makala7/16 ″ ko 1/2 ″ OSB sheathingzuwa 2 × 4 katako na katako.
- Nail Nasiha:ƙusa gama gari 8d shine daidaitaccen zaɓi. Wannan ƙusa yawanci2-1/2 inci tsayi.
- Rufe:Yi amfani da ƙusoshi na galvanized (HDG) mai zafi don bangon waje don kariya daga danshi.
Tukwici Yarda da Code:Lambobin gini galibi suna buƙatar takamaiman ƙirar ƙusa. Don sheathing na tsari, kuna iya buƙatar fitar da kusoshi kowaneInci 4 tare da gefuna da kowane inci 6 a cikin filin tsakiya. Koyaushe bincika lambobin gida. Yi hankali kada ku wuce gona da iri, kamar yaddanutsar da kai a ƙarƙashin saman sheathing na iya raunana haɗin gwiwa.
Siding (Simintin Fiber da Itace)
Siding shine kariyar farko na ginin ku akan abubuwa. Kusoshi na dama suna hana siding zuwa sako-sako da kuma dakatar da tsatsa mara kyau daga kafa. Nau'in kayan siding yana nufin zaɓin ƙusa.
Siding Simintin Fiber (misali, HardiePlank)Simintin fiber abu ne mai ɗorewa amma mai karye. Kuna buƙatar kusoshi waɗanda ke riƙe da ƙarfi ba tare da haifar da tsagewa ba.
| Ƙayyadaddun bayanai | Shawara | Me Yasa Yayi Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|
| Tsawon | 2-1/4" | Yana ba da kyakkyawar shigarwa ga yawancin aikace-aikacen. |
| Shugaban | Kananan Siding Head | Babban kai, kamar a kan ƙusa mai rufi, zai iya fashe katako. |
| Kayan abu | Hot-Dip Galvanized ko Bakin Karfe | Yana hana tsatsa wanda zai iya zubar jini ta ciki kuma ya bata siding. |
Siding (misali, Cedar ko Redwood)Wasu itatuwa, kamar itacen al'ul da redwood, sun ƙunshi sinadarai na halitta da ake kira tannins. Wadannan sinadarai za sumayar da martani da farantin karfe ko mara kyau mai rufaffiyar kusoshi, yana haifar da baƙar fata mai duhudon gudu saukar da siding.
Don guje wa wannan, dole ne ku yi amfani da kayan ƙusa daidai.
- Mafi kyawun zaɓi: Bakin karfe kusoshiba da kariya ta ƙarshe daga lalata da tabo.
- Zabi mai kyau: Hot-tsoma galvanized kusoshisun dace kuma suna hana halayen sinadaran da ke haifar da tabo.
Wasan zorro da Decking
Fences da bene suna zaune a waje. Suna fuskantar fallasa akai-akai ga ruwan sama, rana, da canjin yanayin zafi. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan suna buƙatar ƙusoshi tare da matsakaicin juriya na lalata da ikon riƙewa.
Yin Aiki tare da Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin ƘarƙwaraItacen da aka yi da matsi na zamani, kamar ACQ, ya ƙunshi manyan matakan ƙarfe. Wannanjan ƙarfe yana da lalata sosai ga nau'in ƙarfe mara kyau. Yin amfani da ƙusa mara kyau zai sa ya yi tsatsa da sauri, wanda zai haifar da gazawar tsarin.
- Mafi ƙarancin buƙata:Dole ne ku yi amfani da kusoshi na galvanized masu zafi waɗanda suka dace da suSaukewa: ASTM A153misali.
- Mafi kyawun Ayyuka:Bakin karfe fasteners (Nau'in 304 ko 316) suna ba da mafi kyawun aiki na dogon lokaci kuma ana buƙatar wasu aikace-aikace kamar tushe na katako na dindindin.
- Ba za a yarda da shi ba:Kar a taɓa amfanielectro-galvanized (EG) kusoshida katako na zamani. Rufe bakin su bai isa karewa ba.
Tabbatar da Matsakaicin Ƙarfin RiƙewaItace a cikin shinge da benaye suna faɗaɗa kuma suna kwangila yayin da yake jike kuma yana bushewa. Wannan motsi na iya haifar da santsin kusoshi su koma baya a hankali na tsawon lokaci. Afilastik takardar nada ƙusatare da shakkun dama ya hana hakan.
Don shinge da bene, azoben zobeƙusa shine mafi kyawun zaɓinku. Zobba tare da kulle shank a cikin zaruruwan itace. Wannan yana haifar da riko mai ban mamaki kuma yana hana ƙusa sassautawa,kiyaye shingen shinge da allunan bene amintattudomin15-20 shekaru ko fiye.
Crating da Pallet Majalisar
Kuna gina akwatuna da pallets don jigilar kaya da ajiya. Dole ne waɗannan abubuwan su yi tsayayya da mugun aiki da kaya masu nauyi. Tsarin haɗuwa sau da yawa yana sauri da sauri kuma mai sarrafa kansa. Kusoshi da kuka zaɓa suna da mahimmanci don dorewa da sake amfani da waɗannan samfuran. Faɗin faɗuwar guda ɗaya na iya haifar da rugujewar pallet da kayan lalacewa.
Ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na pallet ya dogara da abubuwa biyu masu mahimmanci. Na farko shine juriya na janyewa, wanda shine ikon ƙusa ya zauna a cikin itace. Na biyu shi ne juriya mai ƙarfi, wanda shine ƙarfin ƙusa don tsayayya da tsinkewa a ƙarƙashin rundunonin gefe zuwa gefe. Madaidaicin ƙusa na katako na filastik yana inganta duka biyun.
Don wannan aiki mai wuyar gaske, kuna buƙatar kusoshi tare da matsakaicin ikon riƙewa.
- Screw Shank (Helical):Waɗannan su ne babban zaɓinku don pallets da akwatuna. Zaren karkace suna juyawa yayin da kuke fitar da ƙusa, suna kulle shi a cikin filayen itace. Wannan zane yana ba kum juriya lankwasawa. Yana taimakawa hana gazawar gama gari kamar allunan bene.
- Ring Shank:Waɗannan kusoshi kuma suna ba da kyakkyawan riko. Su ne babban zaɓi, musamman lokacin da kake aiki tare da katako mai laushi.
Na'urori masu sarrafa kansu a cikin saitunan masana'antu suna amfani da takamaiman kusoshi don inganci da ƙarfi. Kuna iya ganinna kowa bayani dalla-dalla a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa.
| Ƙayyadaddun bayanai | Daki-daki |
|---|---|
| Diamita | 0.099 inci (Hi-Load kusoshi) |
| Aikace-aikace | Masana'antu, pallet mai sarrafa kansa, da ginin akwati |
| Nau'in Shank | Zobe, Screw, Santsi |
| Nau'in Nuni | Blunt Chisel, Blunt Diamond, Babu Ma'ana |
Shahararren zaɓi don masana'anta ta atomatik shine2-1 / 4 "helical dunƙule shank ƙusa.
Tukwici Dorewa:Masana sun gano cewa ingancin fastener shine babban abu a cikin rayuwar pallet. Ingantattun kayan ɗamara suna haifar da ƙarancin gyare-gyare da ingantaccen kariya ga samfuran da aka tura.
Kuna iya haɓaka ƙwaƙƙwaran pallet ta hanyar mai da hankali kan abin ɗamara.
- Juriya mai saurin janyewa da juriya mai ƙarfi suna ƙayyade tsawon lokacin da pallet ɗin zai kasance.
- Juriyar janyewa ya dogara da yawa akan diamita na waya na ƙusa da ƙirar zaren.
- Diamita na waya ya fi shafar juriya.
- Yin amfani da ƙusa mai kauri, kamar ƙusa mai ma'auni 11.5 maimakon ƙusa mai ma'auni 12.5, na iya kusan ninka tsawon rayuwar pallet.
Zaɓin ƙusa mai inganci mai inganci ko zobe shank filastar coil ƙusa yana tabbatar da akwatunan ku da pallet ɗinku suna da ƙarfi, amintattu, kuma an gina su har abada.
Tabbatar da Daidaituwar Kayan aiki
Kana da hakkifarcedon aikin. Yanzu kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa yana aiki tare da kayan aikin ku. Yin amfani da ƙusa mara kyau na iya lalata bindigar ƙusa kuma ya haifar da sakamako mara kyau. Daidaitawa yana da sauƙi don dubawa kuma yana ceton ku matsala mai yawa.
Ma'auni na 15-Degree Collation Standard
Ana riƙe kusoshi na katako na filastik tare a takamaiman kusurwa. Wannan kwana kusan ko da yaushe yana da digiri 15. Wannan tarin digiri na 15 shine ma'aunin masana'antu. Yana tabbatar da cewa kusoshi daga nau'o'i daban-daban za su dace da yawancin bindigogin ƙusa.
An gina manyan kayan aiki da yawa don wannan ma'auni. Misali, daDeWalt DW46RN 15° Coil Roofing Nailerkayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci wanda zai iya ɗaukar ƙusoshin filastik don siding. Kuna iya ganisauran shahararrun nau'ikan nau'ikan digiri 15 a cikin kasuwa a ƙasa.
| Daraja | Alamar/Model | Rating | Farashin |
|---|---|---|---|
| #2 | Metabo HPT Siding/Haske Framing Coil Nailer, NV75A5 | 4.4 cikin 5 taurari | $309.00 |
| #3 | KEENTECH Pneumatic Siding Nail Gun CN55 | 4.0 daga cikin taurari 5 | $149.99 |
| #4 | VEVOR Coil Siding Nailer CN65 | 3.9 cikin 5 taurari | $138.99 |
| #5 | HBT HBCN65P 15 Digiri 2-1/2-inch Coil Siding Nailer | 4.2 cikin 5 taurari | $125.89 |

Duba Takardun Bindigan Nail ɗin ku
Ko da ma'auni na 15-digiri, dole ne ku bincika takamaiman iyakar gun ƙusa. Kowane ƙusa yana da kewayon saiti don tsayin ƙusa da diamita. Kuna iya samun wannan bayanin a cikin jagorar mai shi ko a gidan yanar gizon masana'anta. Misali, DeWalt DCN692 Framing nailer yana karɓar kusoshi daga 2 zuwa 3-1/2 inci tsayi tare da diamita tsakanin .113 da .131 inci.
Gargadi: Yin amfani da ƙusa da ba daidai ba yana haifar da rashin aiki na kayan aiki. Shi ne mafi yawan al'amuran da ke haifar da matsaloli a kan wurin aiki.
Yin amfani da kusoshi masu girman da ba daidai ba na iya haifar da matsaloli da yawa:
- Nailer na iya matsawa akai-akai, yana dakatar da aikin ku.
- Kusoshi bazai shiga cikin itace gaba ɗaya ba.
- Ƙananan kusoshi ko lanƙwasa na iya zamewa daga cikin mujallar ko haifar da rashin daidaituwa.
Koyaushe bincika ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin ku kafin siyan kusoshi. Wannan mataki mai sauƙi yana tabbatar da kayan aikin ku yana aiki lafiya da inganci. ✅
Zaɓin ƙusa na katako na filastik daidai yana da sauƙi lokacin da kuka mai da hankali kan abubuwa uku. Dole ne ku dace da girman ƙusa, nau'in, da aikace-aikacen ku zuwa aikinku. Wannan yana tabbatar da sakamako mai ƙarfi da dorewa. Yi amfani da wannan jerin abubuwan dubawa na ƙarshe don jagorantar zaɓinku kuma ku guje wa kuskuren gama gari.
- Gano aikace-aikacenku (misali, siding, sheathing).
- Ƙayyade girman da ake buƙata da sutura bisa gakayan ku.
- Zaɓi nau'in shank daidai don riƙe iko.
- Tabbatar cewa ƙusa ya dace da ƙayyadaddun bindigar ƙusa.
FAQ
Zan iya amfani da kusoshi na katako na filastik a cikin kusoshi na nada waya?
A'a, ba za ku iya haɗa nau'ikan tattarawa ba.Filastik takarda nada kusoshikuma kusoshi na ƙusoshi na waya ba su canzawa. An ƙera bindigar ƙusa don takamaiman nau'i ɗaya. Yin amfani da tattara ba daidai ba zai haifar da cunkoso kuma yana iya lalata kayan aikin ku. Koyaushe daidaita nau'in tattarawa da nailer ku.
Me yasa farcena ke ci gaba da cushewa a gun?
Jams yakan faru saboda wasu dalilai. Wataƙila kuna amfani da girman ƙusa mara daidai (tsawo ko diamita) don kayan aikin ku. Karancin iska daga compressor ɗinku kuma na iya haifar da cunkoso. Koyaushe bincika ƙayyadaddun bindigar ƙusa kuma tabbatar da isar da iskar ku daidai.
Menene ma'anar 'pennyweight' ko 'd' ga ƙusoshi?
Pennyweight, wanda aka nuna a matsayin 'd', tsohon tsarin ne don auna tsayin ƙusa. Misali, ƙusa 8d tsayin inci 2-1/2 ne. Duk da yake har yanzu ana amfani da su a cikin lambobin gini, yawancin marufi a yau suna lissafin tsawon inci. Kuna iya samun ginshiƙai na juyawa akan layi don taimaka muku.
Ta yaya zan san idan ina bukatan kusoshi na bakin karfe?
Kuna buƙatar kusoshi bakin karfe don iyakar kariya ta tsatsa. Zaɓi su don ayyukan kusa da ruwan gishiri ko tafki. Hakanan ya kamata ku yi amfani da su yayin ɗaure katako kamar itacen al'ul ko ja. Wadannan dazuzzuka na iya haifar da baƙar fata mara kyau tare da ƙananan kusoshi.
Ka tuna:Yin amfani da maɗaurin da ba daidai ba tare da itacen da aka yi wa matsin lamba zai iya haifar da lalata da sauri da gazawar tsarin. Koyaushe yi amfani da Hot-Dip Galvanized (HDG) ko bakin karfe.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-10-2025